Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 9, 2025
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
Translational biomarkers for integrated cardiovascular disease risk assessment: A multidisciplinary review with
Francesco Visioli1, Diego Martínez Urbistondo2, Sokratis Gkipalis3
1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment is enhanced by integrating traditional and emerging factors. Precision medicine and nutrition offer personalized interventions for better CVD management and outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular disease research
- Biochemistry and molecular biology
- Personalized medicine and nutrition
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a primary cause of illness and death globally.
- Effective CVD management requires accurate risk stratification and individualized interventions.
- Traditional risk factors and emerging biomarkers are crucial for understanding CVD development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review traditional and emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- To highlight the role of these factors in personalized medicine and precision nutrition.
- To emphasize their application in accurate risk diagnosis and individualized CVD interventions.
Main Methods:
- Review of biochemical markers (lipids, inflammation, endocrine, homeostatic signals).
- Inclusion of lifestyle factors (diet, activity, smoking, alcohol).
- Consideration of anthropometric variables, body composition, and omics data (genomic, proteomic, metabolomic).
Main Results:
- Biochemical markers, lifestyle, and anthropometric data are key in CVD assessment.
- Omics data provide deep insights into CVD molecular mechanisms.
- Existing risk scores (Framingham, SCORE) offer global frameworks, while omics and novel determinants offer deeper precision.
Conclusions:
- Integrating diverse risk factors is essential for advancing precision medicine in CVD.
- A comprehensive approach is needed for effective CVD management.
- Precision nutrition and medicine strategies are vital for improving CVD outcomes.
Aims:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, significantly impacting healthcare systems and individual lives. This pragmatic review focuses on the assessment of CVD utilizing traditional and emerging risk factors that provide a basis for personalized medicine and precision nutrition, highlighting the knowledge and application of these insights for accurate risk diagnosis, individualized interventions, and precise outcome/evaluation prognosis.
Data Synthesis:
Critical biochemical markers such as lipid metabolism signatures, inflammatory molecules, endocrine mediators, homeostatic signals (including omics data), and lifestyle factors such as unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol abuse, along with anthropometric variables and body composition measurements, play a pivotal role in assessing and managing CVD. This progression starts with early vascular and cardiac dysfunctions, advancing to atherosclerosis, and ultimately leading to cardiovascular events. Major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, highlight the need for effective and accurate risk stratification and objective assessment. Various CVD risk scores, such as the Framingham Risk Score, SCORE, and the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculator, provide valuable global frameworks for predicting individual risk based on recognized conventional factors. Additionally, omics markers-which encompass genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and metagenomic data-offer deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVD, alongside novel lipidomic and immunomic determinants.
Conclusions:
Integrating these various determinants and risk factors through a comprehensive approach is essential for advancing and implementing precision medicine and nutrition in the management of CVD.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
01:25Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
02:07Improving Translational Accuracy