Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

δ2-Protocadherins organize parallel indirect basal ganglia circuits.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Hyperthermic Seizure Susceptibility and Focal Decreases in Parvalbumin-Expressing Cortical Interneurons in a Mouse Model of PCDH19-Clustering Epilepsy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Molecular basis for shifted receptor recognition by an encephalitic arbovirus.

Cell·2025
Same author

Establishing functionally segregated dopaminergic circuits.

Trends in neurosciences·2025
Same author

Molecular basis for shifted receptor recognition by an encephalitic arbovirus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

(Re)building the nervous system: A review of neuron-glia interactions from development to disease.

Journal of neurochemistry·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

11.4K

Network Activity Shapes Inhibitory Synaptic Development in the Mouse Hippocampus.

Erin M Johnson-Venkatesh1, Hisashi Umemori2

  • 1Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cell-adhesion molecule SIRPα organizes excitatory synapses but is crucial for developing inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus. Inhibitory synapse development is regulated by network-level excitatory activity, not single-cell input, to maintain brain function.

Keywords:
E/I balance developmentcell intrinsic activityinhibitory synaptogenesismouse mutantsnetwork level activitysignal-regulatory protein α

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices
07:44

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

Published on: October 6, 2017

17.4K
Minimizing Hypoxia in Hippocampal Slices from Adult and Aging Mice
08:58

Minimizing Hypoxia in Hippocampal Slices from Adult and Aging Mice

Published on: July 2, 2020

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
07:43

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

11.4K
Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices
07:44

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

Published on: October 6, 2017

17.4K
Minimizing Hypoxia in Hippocampal Slices from Adult and Aging Mice
08:58

Minimizing Hypoxia in Hippocampal Slices from Adult and Aging Mice

Published on: July 2, 2020

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Development
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is critical for brain function and neuropsychiatric disorder development.
  • The developmental mechanisms underlying E/I balance, particularly inhibitory synaptogenesis, remain largely unknown.
  • SIRPα (Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha) is a cell-adhesion molecule involved in excitatory synapse organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how SIRPα influences inhibitory synaptogenesis to maintain E/I balance during synaptic development.
  • To determine the cellular source of SIRPα critical for regulating inhibitory synapse formation in the hippocampus.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hippocampal cultures and conditional knockout mice (inactivating SIRPα in specific cell types).
  • Manipulated SIRPα expression (overexpression, inactivation) in neurons.
  • Assessed excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation and function using various experimental techniques.

Main Results:

  • SIRPα primarily organizes excitatory synapses, but its manipulation affects inhibitory synapse development.
  • Inactivation of SIRPα in pyramidal neurons, not other cell types, is essential for proper inhibitory synapse development.
  • Inhibitory synaptogenesis is dependent on network-level excitatory activity, as blocking neural activity inhibits SIRPα's effects.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibitory synaptogenesis in the hippocampus is regulated by network-level excitatory activity, not solely by single-cell inputs.
  • SIRPα plays a dual role: organizing excitatory synapses and indirectly regulating inhibitory synapse development via network activity.
  • This study reveals a fundamental mechanism for achieving excitatory/inhibitory balance during brain development.