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Soil Carbon Dynamics Reshaped by Ancient Carbon Quantification.

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Ancient, radiocarbon-free organic carbon (aOC) biases soil carbon dating. Accounting for aOC reveals soil carbon is younger than previously thought, improving climate models.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Soil Science
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical terrestrial reservoir for climate change mitigation.
  • Radiocarbon dating of SOC is essential but complicated by ancient, radiocarbon-free organic carbon (aOC).
  • Existing estimates of SOC age are potentially inaccurate due to unaddressed aOC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the global distribution of aOC in soils.
  • To correct radiocarbon-based SOC age estimates by accounting for aOC.
  • To reconcile empirical data with Earth system model parameterizations.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a linear mixing equation to 313 global soil samples from radiocarbon databases.
  • Quantified aOC content and its contribution to total SOC across different soil depths.
  • Subtracted aOC contributions to calculate corrected SOC ages.

Main Results:

  • Mean aOC content is 2.4 mg/g, contributing up to 11% in topsoils, 25% in subsoils, and over 50% in deep soils.
  • Andosols and Cryosols exhibit particularly high aOC content.
  • Corrected mean age of non-aOC carbon to 1m depth is 290 years, significantly younger than previous estimates (3100–4830 years).

Conclusions:

  • The presence of aOC significantly skews radiocarbon-based SOC age estimates.
  • Corrected SOC age aligns better with other isotopic proxies and empirical data.
  • This study provides a more accurate understanding of soil carbon dynamics for improved climate modeling.