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Multifunctional PAMAM nanoparticles with sequential antimicrobial-remineralization therapy for dentin caries

Mingxiao Liu^1,2, Jiahe Li^1,3, Ziyou Wang^1,3

¹State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. kunnengliang@scu.edu.cn.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B

|September 3, 2025

Summary

New nanoparticles (PGE) effectively treat dentin caries by disrupting bacterial biofilms, protecting collagen, and promoting remineralization, showing promise for clinical application.

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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

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Published on: March 31, 2021

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Dental Research

Background:

Dentin caries involves bacterial biofilms, demineralization, and collagen degradation, limiting current remineralization therapies.
Existing treatments struggle with persistent bacterial activity and matrix breakdown, hindering long-term efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate novel nanoparticles (PGE) for comprehensive dentin caries intervention.
To address limitations of current therapies by combining biofilm disruption, collagen protection, and remineralization.

Main Methods:

Designed PAMAM-G4@EG (PGE) nanoparticles with antimicrobial peptide G4 and epigallocatechin gallate (EG).
Assessed PGE's efficacy in vitro (antimicrobial assays, collagen protection, remineralization) and in vivo (rat caries model).

Main Results:

PGE nanoparticles demonstrated 99.75% bactericidal efficacy against S. mutans.
Achieved 74% reduction in hydroxyproline levels, preserving collagen, and restored dentin hardness to 89.88% of intact values.
In vivo studies showed reduced Keyes scores, lower bacterial counts, and increased mineral density.

Conclusions:

PGE nanoparticles offer a promising therapeutic strategy for dentin caries prevention and treatment.
The multifaceted approach of PGE supports its potential for clinical translation in restorative dentistry.