Podoconiosis: a comprehensive clinical review and strategies for control and elimination

Podoconiosis, a neglected tropical disease, manifests as nonfilarial lymphoedema, primarily affecting the lower limbs. It arises due to prolonged exposure of bare feet to irritant red-clay soils in genetically susceptible individuals. The disease is preventable and manageable but remains a public health challenge in endemic areas, including several countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This review explores the clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and strategies for the prevention and management of podoconiosis. Early intervention, including consistent use of footwear and improved foot hygiene, can greatly reduce disease burden. Lymphoedema management packages, including compression treatment and nodulectomy, show promising outcomes in improving patients' quality of life. However, structural barriers such as resource limitations, stigma and limited awareness continue to hinder control efforts. Addressing these challenges through integrated care, advocacy and investment in research offers a viable pathway to the elimination of podoconiosis.