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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

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Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
289
Transformation of Plane Strain01:12

Transformation of Plane Strain

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When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
Under plane strain conditions, typical for members where one dimension significantly exceeds the others, deformations and resultant strains are...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

18.4K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
18.4K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.1K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Continuous quantum phase transitions in 2D topological insulators driven by strain.

Farshad Azizi1

  • 1Department of Physics, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new framework to study quantum phase transitions in topological insulators (TIs) using strain. This method reveals critical exponents and a universal scaling law, offering insights for quantum device engineering.

Keywords:
Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) modelquantum phase transitionstrain engineeringtime-reversal symmetrytopological insulatorstwo-dimensional materials

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science
  • Topological Matter

Background:

  • Topological insulators (TIs) possess unique edge states with potential applications in quantum technologies.
  • Controlling topological phases using external stimuli like mechanical strain is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel theoretical framework for investigating quantum phase transitions in 2D TIs.
  • To explore the effects of strain-induced perturbations on the topological properties of TIs.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a new perturbation Hamiltonian coupling mechanical strain to topological edge states.
  • Derivation of formulations for continuous phase transitions (topological to trivial).
  • Analytical and numerical validation of the model, including critical exponents and scaling laws.

Main Results:

  • Identification of critical exponents (v = 1, z = 1) governing the phase transition.
  • Establishment of a universal scaling law for the energy gap.
  • Characterization of a real-space correlation function and visualization of phase diagrams and density of states.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework successfully models strain-driven quantum phase transitions in 2D TIs.
  • The findings provide crucial insights into controlling topological phases via external fields.
  • This research paves the way for experimental realization in strain-tunable systems like HgTe quantum wells.