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Postoperative Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Following Meningioma Resection: Mechanistic Insights

Buqing Xie1, Gancheng Li, Baisheng Li

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|September 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A rare link between anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and meningioma was observed. Postoperative autoimmune screening is crucial for neurosurgical patients with unexplained neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune neurological disorder.
  • Ovarian teratomas are a known trigger for NMDAR encephalitis.
  • Meningiomas are tumors of the meninges, rarely associated with autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with meningioma.
  • To explore potential pathomechanisms linking meningioma and NMDAR encephalitis.
  • To highlight the importance of postoperative autoimmune screening.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic findings.
  • Discussion of proposed immune mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • A patient developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis symptoms post-meningioma resection.
  • The association suggests indirect immune activation rather than direct antigen exposure.
  • This case expands the spectrum of tumors associated with NMDAR encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Meningioma is a potential, albeit rare, trigger for anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
  • Indirect immune mechanisms like molecular mimicry may underlie this association.
  • Postoperative autoimmune screening is recommended for neurosurgical patients with unexplained neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Keywords:
Anti-NMDAR encephalitisautoimmune encephalitismeningioma resectionneurosurgical immunologypostoperative complications

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