Enhancing the bioavailability of Phyllanthus amarus: implications for traditional and modern medicine in Africa

Phyllanthus amarus has been a cornerstone of traditional medicine in Africa, renowned for its hepatoprotective, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. However, its therapeutic applications in modern medicine are limited by poor bioavailability due to challenges such as low solubility, rapid metabolism, and instability of its bioactive compounds. Addressing these limitations is essential for optimizing its pharmacological potential and enabling its broader integration into evidence-based healthcare systems. This review highlights various strategies to enhance the bioavailability of Phyllanthus amarus, including nanotechnology, phytosome technology, biopiperine supplementation, fermentation, and sustained-release formulations. These approaches not only improve solubility and absorption but also stabilize the herb's phytochemicals, ensuring better therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the review explores how bioavailability enhancement can transform Phyllanthus amarus into a standardized therapeutic agent, bridging the gap between traditional and modern medicine. Enhancing the bioavailability of Phyllanthus amarus has profound implications for healthcare in Africa. Improved formulations can amplify its therapeutic efficacy in traditional practices, while enabling its adoption in modern pharmacology through clinical validation and pharmaceutical-grade products. By addressing cost, accessibility, and regulatory challenges, these advancements can ensure that Phyllanthus amarus continues to be a vital, sustainable resource in addressing pressing health issues across the continent.