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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

182
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
182

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Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Modified electroconvulsive therapy for perinatal depression: scoping review.

William V Bobo1,2,3, Owen Moore4, Catherine B Hurley4

  • 1Department of Behavioral Sciences & Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modified electroconvulsive therapy (mECT) offers rapid relief for severe perinatal depression, but more research is needed on its safety for mothers, fetuses, and newborns. Informed consent should address these knowledge gaps.

Keywords:
electroconvulsive therapynon-invasive brain stimulationperinatal depressionperipartum depressionpostpartum depressionprenatal depression

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Modified electroconvulsive therapy (mECT) is used for severe perinatal depression.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding mECT's effectiveness and safety in perinatal depression.
  • Fetal and neonatal risks of mECT require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review on mECT for perinatal depression.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety (maternal, fetal, neonatal) of mECT.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in the literature.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of literature from inception to December 31, 2024.
  • Inclusion of clinical trials, observational studies, case series, and case reports.
  • Extraction of methodological details, clinical characteristics, interventions, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 82 reports involving over 1,300 pregnancies were analyzed.
  • mECT demonstrated rapid effectiveness for depressive, psychotic, and catatonic symptoms.
  • Mild maternal adverse events were common; rare severe events (e.g., stillbirth) were reported, with unclear causality.

Conclusions:

  • mECT is an effective acute treatment for severe perinatal depression.
  • Maternal safety appears reassuring, but data are limited.
  • Fetal and neonatal risks are less understood; informed consent must reflect these uncertainties.