Role of physical activity in cancer prevention: An update

Cancer prevention via regular physical activity has been studied across the world. This minireview aimed to present the latest updates in research in the context of the role of physical activity in the cancer prevention. The various mechanisms at the molecular level were studied in depth. The essential processes at play involving hormonal balance, weight reduction, adiposity, inflammation, immunity, sunlight exposure and vitamin D levels and insulin resistance were critically analyzed here. The dose response of exercise with respect to cancer prevention was appraised. Strong evidence supports an inverse relationship between physical activity and cancer risk, particularly for breast, liver, lung and colorectal cancers. There is limited evidence for hematologic, head and neck, ovarian, pancreas, prostate, brain, thyroid and rectal cancer. Prehabilitation plays a key role in tertiary prevention of cancer and patient symptom alleviation. The role of physical activity was studied under the entire cancer continuum, from primary to tertiary prevention. The minireview highlights the need for interventional trials involving holistic methods combing modern and traditional medicine/therapies in cancer prevention.