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Solubility improvement of atorvastatin using deep eutectic solvents.

Yoga Windhu Wardhana1,2, Insan Sunan Kurniawansyah1,2, Taofik Rusdiana1,2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Jatinangor, Indonesia.

Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) enhance atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATCH) solubility. Nicotinamide in propylene glycol (PG) proved optimal for ATCH solubility, showing significant improvement over water.

Keywords:
Atorvastatin calcium trihydratedeep eutectic solventsdrug solubility

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer potential in pharmaceuticals but require safety and usability assessments.
  • Improving drug solubility is crucial for effective drug delivery and formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of DESs to enhance the solubility of atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATCH).
  • To explore eutectic interactions between ATCH and coformers like nicotinamide (NA) within a DES system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized co-crystallization principles to form eutectic mixtures.
  • Employed polarization microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for analysis.
  • Evaluated interactions between ATCH, nicotinamide (NA), and propylene glycol (PG) in a DES.

Main Results:

  • Identified an optimal DES system using nicotinamide (NA) in propylene glycol (PG) for ATCH.
  • Confirmed hydrogen bond (H-bond) formation between ATCH and DES components via FT-IR and DSC.
  • Demonstrated a significant increase in ATCH solubility in the DES system (0.158 ± 0.098 mg/mL) compared to water (0.000597 ± 0.003 mg/mL).

Conclusions:

  • Deep eutectic solvents, particularly with nicotinamide as a coformer in propylene glycol, effectively enhance atorvastatin calcium trihydrate solubility.
  • The study validates the use of DESs as a viable strategy for improving the solubility of poorly soluble drugs like ATCH.
  • Hydrogen bonding interactions are key to the enhanced solubility observed in the DES system.