Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

681
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
681

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Activation of the Anterior Insular and Prefrontal Cortices During Attention Switching and Task Execution: A Study Using a Cued-Switching Task and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same author

Mental Effort Cost Learning is Retrospective.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Evaluating and Enhancing Japanese Large Language Models for Genetic Counseling Support: Comparative Study of Domain Adaptation and the Development of an Expert-Evaluated Dataset.

JMIR medical informatics·2025
Same author

Temporal and spatial analysis of event-related potentials in response to color saliency differences among various color vision types.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2024
Same author

Exploring complex and integrated information during sleep.

Neuroscience of consciousness·2024
Same author

Identification of sulfonylpyrimidines as novel selective aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

11.1K

Decrease and recovery of integrated information Φ during anesthesia and sleep on human functional magnetic resonance

Keiichi Onoda1, Satoru Miyauchi2, Shigeyuki Kan3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, 2-1-15, Nishiai, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8502, Japan.

Neuroscience of Consciousness
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) quantifies consciousness using Φ. This study found that Φ decreases with loss of consciousness during anesthesia and sleep, supporting IIT

Keywords:
anesthesiafMRIintegrated information theorysleep

More Related Videos

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals
04:05

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

Published on: September 24, 2020

3.7K
Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat
12:41

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

11.1K
Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals
04:05

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

Published on: September 24, 2020

3.7K
Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat
12:41

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Integrated Information Theory (IIT) provides a framework for quantifying consciousness via the measure Φ.
  • IIT posits that Φ decreases with reduced consciousness, but empirical evidence is limited.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows non-invasive study of brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Φ and consciousness levels during induced loss and recovery.
  • To test the predictions of IIT using fMRI data during anesthesia and natural sleep.
  • To determine if Φ changes correlate with altered states of consciousness.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two fMRI datasets during propofol-induced anesthesia and natural sleep.
  • Construction of systems from five functional brain networks.
  • Computation of transition probability matrices and derivation of Φ values based on IIT version 4.

Main Results:

  • Φ significantly decreased during anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness at both global and local levels.
  • Φ was locally reduced in posterior brain networks during sleep-induced loss of consciousness.
  • A strong association was observed between integrated information (Φ) and consciousness fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides empirical support for IIT's prediction that Φ decreases with loss of consciousness.
  • Consciousness levels are intrinsically linked to integrated information within large-scale functional brain networks.
  • Findings highlight the potential of Φ as a biomarker for consciousness states.