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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Xanthan gum (XG) is widely used in industry due to its thickening and rheological properties.
  • A crosslinking strategy for non-modified XG is needed for biomedical applications.
  • Current limitations exist for using XG solely within cells for biomedical engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a novel crosslinking strategy for xanthan gum (XG) using iron(III) ions (Fe3+).
  • To develop tunable, bioactive hydrogels for tissue engineering applications via additive manufacturing.
  • To explore XG-Fe3+ hydrogels as versatile platforms for drug delivery and hybrid scaffold fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • In situ rheological assessment to evaluate ion crosslinking suitability.
  • Additive manufacturing techniques for hydrogel processing.
  • Incorporation of human methacryloyl platelet lysates (hPLMA) for bioactivity.
  • Integration of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for magnetic responsiveness.
  • Fabrication of hybrid scaffolds using polycaprolactone (PCL) via melt electrowriting (MEW).

Main Results:

  • Fe3+ demonstrated high affinity to XG, forming stable crosslinked hydrogels with excellent printability and 60-day culture stability.
  • XG-Fe3+ hydrogels showed high biocompatibility with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and sustained iron release.
  • Bioactive XG-Fe3+-PLMA hydrogels exhibited a 10-fold increase in strength compared to non-crosslinked XG.
  • Mechanically tunable hydrogels (∼3 to 203 kPa) were achieved, suitable for tissue engineering.
  • Magnetically responsive scaffolds (XG-Fe3+-MNP) and hybrid XG-PLMA-PCL scaffolds were successfully fabricated.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, versatile XG-Fe3+ hydrogel system was developed.
  • The hydrogel is natural, mechanically tunable, bioactive, and magnetically responsive.
  • This system meets the demand for tailored hydrogels in complex biomedical engineering applications.
  • The XG-Fe3+ hydrogel serves as a promising platform for sole or hybrid use in advanced biomedical applications.