Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bronchial Dieulafoy disease: A case report and literature review.

Respiratory medicine case reports·2026

Same author

Social determinants of health and objective rest-activity rhythms and sleep health in U.S. Adults: Depression and overactive bladder as potential explanatory factors.

Chronobiology international·2026

Same author

Revelations of pancreatic cancer treated by high-intensity focused ultrasound.

Discover oncology·2026

Same author

Electroacupuncture for temporomandibular disorder-related pain: clinical evidence, mechanisms, and safety-a narrative review.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Differential Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Heat Stress Responses in Two <i>Pinellia ternata</i> Germplasms.

Genes·2026

Same author

Global methane emissions rebounded in 2024 despite a deceleration in atmospheric growth.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Invaders taking over-Mollusc faunal change in volcanic barrier lakes of the Albertine Rift biodiversity hotspot.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

AI-driven molecular diversification and ligand-based optimization of macitentan derivatives targeting VEGFR1 and endothelin signaling pathways.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Performance patterns and records in the world aquatics masters championships: Where do the most frequently represented nations among the top-ten masters swimmers come from?

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Modeling diurnal Temperature-Rainfall relationships under multicollinearity using PLS-SEM: A case study of Ghana.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Organizational culture, social capital, and emergency capacity in primary healthcare institutions: A cross-sectional structural equation modeling study comparing ordinary and older communities.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Impact of kidney function on the metabolome in the general population.

PloS one·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

Start learning coding without computers? A case study on children's unplugged gamified coding education tool with

Miao Huang¹, Lei Wang¹

¹School of Animation and Digital Arts, Communication University of China, Nanjing, China.

|September 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gamification elements like role-playing and cooperation enhance children's flow experience and learning engagement in coding education. Rewards and cooperation also directly boost motivation, improving educational outcomes.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Area of Science:

Educational Technology
Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Computational thinking is crucial for children's development.
Gamification significantly enhances educational engagement.
Unplugged coding tools offer accessible learning without devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of gamification elements on children's flow experience and learning engagement in unplugged coding education.
To test the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory in this context.
To provide practical insights for designing effective coding education tools.

Main Methods:

An experimental study using an unplugged coding education prototype, "Coding Adventure."
An explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach with 295 elementary students (aged 8-10).
Qualitative interviews with 12 stratified participants.

Main Results:

Role-playing and cooperation significantly enhance children's flow experience.
Flow experience positively impacts learning engagement through immersion and goal-orientation.
Rewards and cooperation directly increase learning engagement and motivation.

Conclusions:

Gamification elements, particularly role-playing and cooperation, are effective in fostering flow and engagement in children's coding education.
The S-O-R framework provides a useful lens for understanding these effects.
Designers can leverage these findings to create more immersive and achievement-oriented coding tools.