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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tellurium nanoparticles produced by laser ablation induce selective anticancer effects via ROS-mediated apoptosis and

Egor A Turovsky1, Elena G Varlamova1, Vladimir V Rogachev1

  • 1Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, 142290, Russia.

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Tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs) show selective anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Their effects on cell migration and calcium signaling vary by cell type, suggesting potential for targeted cancer therapeutics.

Keywords:
Anti-tumor therapyApoptosisCa2+-signalligCancer cell linesCell migrationGene expressionROS productionRedox-statusTellurium nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology and Materials Science
  • Cancer Biology and Therapeutics
  • Cellular and Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly explored as anticancer agents and drug delivery systems.
  • Combinatorial cancer therapies aim to overcome drug resistance and enhance apoptosis.
  • The anticancer potential of tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs) remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro anticancer properties of small (∼10 nm) and large (∼100 nm) TeNPs.
  • To evaluate TeNP effects on cancer cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, migration, and signaling pathways.
  • To compare TeNP efficacy across diverse human cancer cell lines and a non-cancerous control.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays on glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, and neuroblastoma cell lines.
  • Analysis of intracellular calcium dynamics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression (PCR).
  • Assessment of apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and cell migration inhibition.

Main Results:

  • TeNPs demonstrated anticancer activity, inducing apoptosis without necrosis across tested cancer cell lines.
  • Efficacy varied among cell lines, correlating with pro-apoptotic gene expression and differential ROS production.
  • TeNPs inhibited migration in specific cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2) and non-cancerous fibroblasts (L-929) at later time points, while activating dose-dependent calcium signaling with cell-type specific responses.

Conclusions:

  • TeNPs exhibit promising, albeit selective, anticancer potential mediated by redox modulation and calcium signaling.
  • Cell-specific responses highlight the need for tailored approaches in developing TeNP-based cancer therapeutics.
  • Findings provide a foundation for further research into tellurium nanomaterials for cancer treatment.