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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
Published on: November 12, 2016
Pure steady-state CEST
Johannes Hammacher1, Christoph Kolbitsch1, Patrick Schünke1
1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin and Braunschweig, Germany.
None:
A novel steady-state CEST sequence design, based on the underlying physical model of longitudinal magnetization development during CEST saturation and data acquisition is presented and validated in-silico, in vitro and in vivo. This design ensures consistent data acquisition in the pure CEST steady-state, leading to high MTRasym scores and image quality, both in vitro and in vivo, when compared to contemporary sequential and steady-state CEST sequences.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to enhance CEST sequences by utilizing the pure CEST steady-state in order to deliver higher CEST effects and better sensitivity.
Methods:
A novel CEST saturation/readout scheme was designed, tested in numerical simulations and subsequently validated in vitro and in vivo.
Results:
The novel Multi-2D Spiral pure steady-state CEST sequence showed to deliver advantageous sensitivity and efficacy.
Conclusion:
Constraining image acquisition to the pure CEST steady-state showed promising results in first in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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