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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Male Sex, Diabetes Mellitus, and an Unvaccinated Status as Deteriorating Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in

Fuminori Taniguchi1, Hironobu Komine1, Kohei Morikawa1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatic disease patients were generally favorable during the Omicron variant period. Male sex, lack of vaccination, and diabetes mellitus were identified as risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019.

Keywords:
COVID-19Omicron variantdiabetes mellitusmultivariate logistic regression analysisrheumatic diseasesvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Patients with rheumatic diseases may be at increased risk for severe outcomes from infectious diseases like COVID-19.
  • The Omicron variant period presented unique challenges for managing COVID-19 in immunocompromised populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with the deterioration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases.
  • To analyze COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatic disease patients during the Omicron variant surge.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study was conducted on 78 patients with rheumatic diseases diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 2022 and December 2023.
  • Data collected included demographics, rheumatic disease details, vaccination status, comorbidities, COVID-19 severity, and outcomes.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant risk factors for moderate-to-critical COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Most patients (78.2%) experienced mild COVID-19; however, 21.8% had moderate-to-critical disease.
  • Significant risk factors for moderate-to-critical COVID-19 included male sex (p=0.012), unvaccinated status (p=0.031), and diabetes mellitus (p=0.018).
  • No specific blood test results were found to be significant predictors of severity in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19 had favorable outcomes during the Omicron variant period.
  • Effective management of comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus, and promoting vaccination are crucial for preventing severe COVID-19 in this population.