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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Single-cell transcriptomic and genomic changes in the ageing human brain.

Ailsa M Jeffries1, Tianxiong Yu2, Jennifer S Ziegenfuss1

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Genome Integrity Program, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular damage drives aging. This study reveals gene expression and genomic changes in the human prefrontal cortex across lifespan, highlighting developmental and aging dynamics in brain cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cellular damage accumulates with age, contributing to the aging process.
  • Age-related changes in the human prefrontal cortex can impact cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify gene expression and genomic alterations in the human prefrontal cortex throughout the lifespan.
  • To understand the transcriptomic and genomic dynamics of human brain development and aging.

Main Methods:

  • Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq)
  • Single-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS)
  • Spatial transcriptomics

Main Results:

  • Identified infant-specific cell clusters with neurodevelopmental gene expression.
  • Observed age-associated downregulation of homeostatic genes across cell types.
  • Found stable expression of neuron-specific genes throughout life.
  • Detected two age-associated mutational signatures correlating with gene transcription and repression.
  • Revealed gene length- and expression-dependent somatic mutation rates in neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Provides insights into human brain development and aging.
  • Elucidates transcriptomic and genomic changes across the human lifespan.
  • Links genomic alterations to the transcriptomic landscape of the aged brain.