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Imprinting

Imprinting

Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Viability of Bioprinted Cellular Constructs Using a Three Dispenser Cartesian Printer

Viability of Bioprinted Cellular Constructs Using a Three Dispenser Cartesian Printer

Published on: September 22, 2015

Adaptive and context-aware volumetric printing.

Sammy Florczak^1,2, Gabriel Größbacher¹, Davide Ribezzi¹

¹Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

|September 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Generative, Adaptive, Context-Aware 3D Printing (GRACE) creates custom 3D structures around biological or synthetic materials. This automated approach enhances functionality in applications like tissue engineering.

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Area of Science:

Additive Manufacturing
Biofabrication
Computer Vision

Background:

Traditional additive manufacturing has limitations in automating overprinting and adapting designs to printable materials.
Creating tailored, context-aware geometries requires advanced imaging and modeling techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce Generative, Adaptive, Context-Aware 3D Printing (GRACE) for automated, adaptive 3D structure generation.
To demonstrate GRACE's versatility in synthetic and biological applications, including improved functionality through adaptive geometries.

Main Methods:

GRACE combines 3D imaging, computer vision, and parametric modeling for automated design.
Volumetric additive manufacturing is used to create complex, conforming structures.
The system supports precise alignment of sequential prints and shadow correction for overprinting opaque surfaces.

Main Results:

GRACE successfully generated adaptive vascular-like geometries around cell-laden bioinks, improving functionality.
The system demonstrated capabilities in creating tailored structures at scales from cellular to macroscopic.
GRACE enables automated overprinting and adapts designs to the printable material content.

Conclusions:

GRACE transcends traditional additive manufacturing limitations by automating complex printing tasks.
This technology opens new possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine through adaptive biofabrication.