The preventive and therapeutic role of native probiotic Lactobacillus species in controlling inflammation

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that leads to inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Since dysregulation of the immune system is one of the triggers for IBD, taking probiotics as an immunomodulator in the gut could help control inflammation and IBD by influencing signaling pathways. The present research applied in vitro models to explore the effectiveness of our native probiotic Lactobacillus spp. in regulating MAPK and MYD88-independent inflammatory signaling pathways. We exposed HT-29 cells to Gram-negative bacteria to assess changes in inflammation-related pathways. Treatments were performed before, after, and simultaneously with a cocktail of Lactobacillus spp. (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PR 365, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PR 42, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PR 195, Levilactobacillus brevis PR 205, Limosilactobacillus reuteri PR 100). This assessment was conducted using the quantitative real-time PCR method. According to our research, the expression of MAPK and MYD88-independent signaling pathways genes increased after exposure to Gram-negative components; however, using of our probiotic strains resulted in a significant reduction in the expression levels of MAPK genes in all treatments and phases. The expression levels of MYD88-independent genes were different following treatment with our selected Lactobacillus strain. The Lactobacillus spp. strains demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on HT-29 cells by modulating MAPK and MYD88-independent signaling pathways. Our results indicate that these native potential probiotic strains exhibited beneficial effects in all three treatment phases. Therefore, it can be inferred that these probiotic strains, as beneficial agents, may be considered for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as IBD.