Stress levels among prosthodontic residents in North America: A cross-sectional study

Stress is a significant concern in healthcare professions, impacting both physiological and psychological well-being. In the field of dentistry, stress among practitioners is well-documented; however, there is a notable gap in understanding stress levels specifically within postgraduate prosthodontic training programs. The study hypothesis aimed to assess perceived stress levels among prosthodontic residents and, secondarily, identify associated risk factors, while exploring stress management strategies.

A cross-sectional, mixed-methods design was employed, utilizing a modified version of the Graduate Dental Environment Stress (GDES) survey along with qualitative open-ended questions. REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture), a secure, web-based software platform designed to support data capture for research studies, was used for instrument design, data management, and storage. A REDCap Survey link was distributed to prosthodontic program directors across North America, with the intention of distributing it to their residents. Responses were recorded via a Likert scale for the quantitative assessment and through narrative responses for the qualitative assessment. A score of 76 was determined to be the threshold value at or above which the participants were considered stressed. Descriptive summaries were used to characterize the participants. The main study outcome was presented as a percentage of the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The assessment of risk factors of stress among the study population was done by using a logistic regression model, and coping mechanisms were tagged via open coding and presented as themes. SAS statistical software package was used.

A response rate of 13.2% indicated that over a third of postgraduate prosthodontic residents experienced high levels of stress, as defined by a GDES score ≥76. A risk factor for stress was identified as the year of study. Qualitative analysis revealed common themes in stress management strategies, with exercise, socializing, and spending time with family members being the most prevalent.

The findings of high perceived stress among prosthodontic residents included "Lack of time for leisure activities" followed by "Lack of adequate staff in the clinics" and "Neglect of personal life" being the highest reported stressors. Stress management strategies such as "Self-care," "Time management," and "Connecting with others" highlight the importance of proactive strategies to manage stress. By understanding the factors contributing to stress and effective coping mechanisms, stakeholders can better support their residents.