Extracellular Vesicles in Arthropods: Biogenesis, Functions, Isolation Methods and Applications

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Biotechnology
• Arthropod Science

Background:

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication with significant biotechnological potential.
• Research on arthropod-derived EVs is less developed compared to mammalian EVs.
• This review consolidates knowledge on EV biology across diverse arthropod species.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize current research on extracellular vesicle (EV) biology in arthropods.
• To summarize EV biogenesis, trafficking, and diverse biological functions in arthropods.
• To explore isolation methods, biotechnological potential, and future research directions for arthropod EVs.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of over 100 studies on arthropod EVs.
• Synthesis of data on EV biogenesis, trafficking, and biological roles.
• Analysis of current isolation techniques and biotechnological applications.

Main Results:

• EVs in arthropods are involved in development, neurobiology, reproduction, aging, and protein homeostasis.
• Arthropod EVs play critical roles in immunity, vector-pathogen-host interactions, and host-parasite dynamics.
• Current isolation methods and biotechnological applications of arthropod EVs are reviewed.

Conclusions:

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are integral to various physiological and ecological processes in arthropods.
• Further research is needed to overcome technical challenges in EV isolation and fully realize their biotechnological potential.
• This review provides a comprehensive resource to advance arthropod EV research.