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Related Concept Videos

Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

296
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
296
Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

225
As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground...
225
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

380
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
380
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

166
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
166
Aggregate Cement Ratio01:21

Aggregate Cement Ratio

331
The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...
331
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

256
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
256

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Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner
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How can the Cement Industry Enable Industrial Decarbonization at Scale?

Elizabeth A Moore1, Alexandra Chua1, Erin Middleton2

  • 1Concrete Sustainability Hub, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|September 4, 2025
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Implementing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCS) in the cement industry is crucial for carbon neutrality. Strategic pipeline networks and financial support beyond tax credits are essential for cost-effective CCS deployment.

Keywords:
CCScarbon hubsindustry decarbonization

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Energy Policy

Background:

  • The cement industry is a significant source of CO2 emissions, facing pressure for carbon neutrality.
  • Challenges to CCS deployment include lack of infrastructure, high costs, and public perception.
  • Existing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCS) solutions require adaptation for the cement sector.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design cost-effective CCS systems for the U.S. cement industry.
  • To analyze the economic viability of pipeline networks and "carbon hubs" for shared infrastructure.
  • To assess the impact of early CCS adoption by the cement sector on broader industrial decarbonization.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated spatial and cost modeling to design CCS systems for varying emission reduction levels.
  • Analysis of pipeline network potential connecting cement facilities to "carbon hubs".
  • Economic evaluation of CCS costs, considering different capture fractions and infrastructure strategies.

Main Results:

  • Median capture costs range from $144/tCO2 (15% abatement) to $215/tCO2 (100% abatement).
  • Connecting to carbon hubs can enable 5X emissions capture for 2X investment increase.
  • The U.S. cement industry could significantly accelerate industrial CCS deployment as a first mover.

Conclusions:

  • CCS is vital for decarbonizing the cement sector, but current incentives like the Section 45Q Tax Credit are insufficient for widespread investment.
  • Developing shared infrastructure through carbon hubs offers a scalable and cost-effective approach to CCS deployment.
  • Policy support beyond existing tax credits is necessary to facilitate the cement industry's transition to carbon neutrality.