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Suicide Prevention Interventions in Schools: Assessing the Evidence Base
Tina Marshall1, John Cosgrove1, Melissa Wilson1
1Westat, Rockville, MD.
Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.)
|September 4, 2025
Summary
School-based suicide prevention programs show promise, but more research is needed. The "Signs of Suicide" program has moderate evidence, and other interventions improved mental health outcomes in youth.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Psychology
- Education
Background:
- Youth suicide rates remain a significant global concern.
- Schools are ideal settings for suicide prevention due to extensive youth engagement.
- Evidence for the effectiveness of school-based interventions needs systematic evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and assess the evidence level of specific school-based suicide prevention interventions.
- To evaluate interventions using established rating criteria for scientific rigor.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a systematic search of databases, gray literature, and registries (2008-2022).
- Identified studies on school-based suicide prevention interventions.
- Rated interventions based on the number and quality of studies with positive outcomes.
Main Results:
- No intervention achieved a high level of evidence; 'Signs of Suicide' had moderate evidence.
- Ten interventions demonstrated improved suicide-related outcomes (ideation, attempts, behavior).
- Four interventions positively impacted mental health (depression, anxiety, distress).
Conclusions:
- Further research is essential to strengthen the evidence base for school-based suicide prevention.
- Future studies should focus on interventions with positive suicide-related and mental health outcomes.
- Cost-effectiveness analyses of these interventions are recommended.
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