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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Trends in non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity: a self-managed problem?

F Manza1,2, S A Raju2,3, R M Harrop4

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gluten-free diet adherence is poor for non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) patients, despite rising gluten-free product sales. Many NCGWS patients continue to seek medical advice, indicating ongoing challenges with dietary management.

Keywords:
Non-coeliac gluten sensitivityfollow-upgluten sensitivitygluten-free dietgluten-free diet adherencegluten-free marketwheat sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Dietary Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) affects individuals without coeliac disease or wheat allergy.
  • A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the primary management strategy for NCGWS.
  • Recent trends suggest a potential decline in NCGWS diagnoses post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze UK market trends for gluten-free (GF) products.
  • To assess long-term GFD adherence in patients with self-reported NCGWS.
  • To evaluate perceived GFD efficacy and the need for further medical advice in NCGWS patients.

Main Methods:

  • UK market data on GF product sales and shopper insights were analyzed.
  • A follow-up questionnaire was administered to NCGWS patients diagnosed between 2006-2018.
  • GFD adherence was measured using the Biagi score and compared to a coeliac disease (CD) cohort.

Main Results:

  • GF product sales significantly increased from £214m (2014) to £607m (2024).
  • NCGWS patients constituted 9.7% of GF product buyers.
  • NCGWS patients exhibited significantly lower GFD adherence compared to CD patients (p < 0.05).
  • 36% of NCGWS patients sought further medical advice post-discharge.

Conclusions:

  • Despite a potential decrease in referrals, a notable percentage of individuals use GF diets for NCGWS.
  • Long-term adherence to a GFD in NCGWS patients is suboptimal.
  • Further research may be needed to understand persistent healthcare needs in NCGWS management.