Nanogel-Engineered Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Ocular Therapeutics

Despite the growing global burden of ocular disorders, conventional ophthalmic formulations remain limited by inadequate bioavailability, rapid clearance, and poor corneal penetration, necessitating frequent dosing and compromising efficacy. This review highlights the revolutionary potential of nanogels, which integrate the advantages of nanoparticles and hydrogels, as advanced ocular drug delivery systems. Through structural engineering and advanced preparation techniques, nanogels achieve enhanced corneal retention, superior mucoadhesion, and controlled drug release. The authors systematically evaluate their efficacy across diverse ocular pathologies, from anterior segment diseases to posterior segment conditions, demonstrating improved corneal permeability and therapeutic outcomes. Current translational challenges, including scalable manufacturing and sterilization requirements, are critically discussed. By synthesizing recent advances and barriers, this review provides a roadmap for developing clinically viable nanogel-based therapeutics, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy while overcoming patient compliance challenges in ocular medicine.