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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Over 19% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Selectively Tuning Bulkheterojunction Morphology via a

Yi Chen¹, Kun Li², Jing Zhang³

¹Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry and Devices (AMCDLab) of the Department of Education of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.

|September 4, 2025

Summary

A novel dual-heating strategy precisely controls organic solar cell morphology, boosting power conversion efficiency to 19.23% and enhancing stability. This method offers a new pathway for efficient and stable bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.

Keywords:

CS2 film‐morphology fullerene‐free organic solar cells small‐molecule acceptors solvent annealing

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Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Published on: January 10, 2017

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Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

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Published on: November 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics

Background:

Organic solar cell performance relies heavily on the morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers.
Achieving precise morphological control in complex donor:acceptor blends remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a sequential dual-heating (DH) strategy for precise BHJ morphology tailoring.
To investigate the impact of DH on the D18-Cl:Y6 system for organic solar cells.

Main Methods:

Sequential dual-heating (DH) approach combining warm solution (WS) deposition and carbon disulfide (CS2) solvent-vapor annealing (SVA).
Morphological analysis and device characterization of D18-Cl:Y6 based organic solar cells.

Main Results:

Achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.23% with improved device stability.
WS process enhanced photoluminescence and hole transfer; SVA process reduced recombination and balanced carrier mobilities.
Synergistic effects of DH strategy improved π-π ordering while suppressing lamellar ordering, enhancing key device parameters.

Conclusions:

The DH strategy offers precise control over BHJ morphology, leading to highly efficient and stable organic solar cells.
Demonstrated universal applicability across various binary and ternary systems, highlighting its potential for broader use.