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Assessing groundwater dynamics in data-scarce mountainous regions using a lumped parameter groundwater model.
Ya-Sin Yang1, Hsin-Fu Yeh1, Chia-Chi Huang1
1Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan (ROC).
Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences
|September 4, 2025
Summary
Groundwater levels in Taiwan
Area of Science:
- Hydrology and Hydrogeology
- Environmental Science
- Water Resource Management
Background:
- Global climate change and human activities are increasing pressure on water resources.
- Mountainous regions are critical for groundwater recharge, storage, and management.
- Limited data in mountainous areas poses challenges for groundwater assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess long-term groundwater level changes in central Taiwan's mountainous region.
- To analyze the relationship between groundwater levels and precipitation using a lumped parameter model.
- To evaluate the practicality of the AquiMod model for mountainous groundwater management.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the lumped parameter groundwater model AquiMod.
- Analyzed long-term groundwater level data (2010-2021) from 23 monitoring stations.
- Performed model calibration, prediction, and sensitivity analysis.
Main Results:
- A strong correlation was found between mountainous groundwater levels and precipitation.
- The AquiMod model achieved satisfactory predictions (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency 0.5-0.9) at 14 stations.
- Model performance was limited by data gaps, complex geology, and unmodeled recharge/anthropogenic factors.
Conclusions:
- The lumped parameter model is a practical tool for evaluating mountainous groundwater resources.
- Model sensitivity analysis identified key unsaturated zone parameters influencing groundwater response.
- Findings provide a reference for sustainable water resource management in mountainous regions.
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