Exploring Body Image Satisfaction in Post-Mastectomy Female Breast Cancer Patients

Mastectomy is a widely used surgical intervention for breast cancer in Pakistan, where late-stage diagnoses are common and breast-conserving options are often limited. While effective oncologically, mastectomy can significantly affect a woman's body image, emotional well-being, and social relationships. In Pakistan, sociocultural norms and limited reconstructive services further shape the post-mastectomy experience. This study aimed to assess self-perception, body image satisfaction, and related psychosocial impact in Pakistani women following mastectomy.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the breast oncology clinic of the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi. A total of 159 post-mastectomy patients aged 18-65 years were surveyed using a structured, culturally adapted questionnaire based on the body image scale. Statistical analyses included chi-square testing and multinomial logistic regression to assess associations between body image perception and demographic or psychosocial variables. Internal consistency was confirmed (Cronbach's alpha = 0.863).

While 34% reported no change in body image perception, 66% reported varying degrees of change. Strong associations were identified between negative body image perception and feelings of reduced attractiveness, mirror discomfort, and spousal relationship changes (p<0.001). Multinomial regression confirmed these as significant predictors of reporting major body image change. Interest in breast reconstruction was low (15.7%), and although age and education were not significantly associated, time since surgery approached significance (p = 0.07).

A substantial proportion of Pakistani women experience emotional and psychosocial distress following mastectomy. These findings highlight the importance of early counseling, spousal support, and culturally sensitive body image discussions to promote long-term psychosocial recovery.