Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish
08:32

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish

Published on: February 22, 2019

7.5K

[Para-amyloidosis in 2 patients with malignant diseases]

P Atanasova, V Milkov

    Vutreshni Bolesti
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis06:33

    Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

    Published on: June 9, 2018

    8.1K
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease08:50

    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

    Published on: June 16, 2014

    16.7K

    Related Concept Videos

    ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

    ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

    All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
    7.3K
    Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups01:14

    Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups

    Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate...
    8.3K
    ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

    ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

    Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
    6.6K
    meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

    meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

    All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
    6.6K
    2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

    2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

    Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
    5.4K
    Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

    Introduction
    Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
    Crohn's disease
    Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
    989