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Related Concept Videos

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Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Ionic Bonds00:42

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Emerging processing guidelines for solid electrolytes in the era of oxide-based solid-state batteries.

Moran Balaish1,2, Kun Joong Kim2, Hyunwon Chu3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer potential for electric vehicles, but oxide-based electrolytes face manufacturing challenges. This study critically evaluates SSB technologies, their production, and integration compared to Li-ion batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate electric vehicle (EV) technology, but advancements are needed for longer range and faster charging.
  • Next-generation batteries, including solid-state batteries (SSBs), promise higher energy densities for future EVs.
  • Oxide-based solid electrolytes are key components for advanced SSBs, requiring critical evaluation of their development and manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically assess oxide-based solid-state battery electrolytes and their manufacturing processes.
  • To evaluate the viability of SSBs against Li-ion batteries using a life cycle perspective.
  • To identify scientific and technological gaps in large-scale SSB production for EVs.

Main Methods:

  • Dismantling and evaluating oxide-based solid-state battery electrolytes, chemistries, and ceramic manufacturing.
  • Analyzing material requirements, supply chains, and recycling concepts for sustainable battery production.
  • Critically discussing three ceramic synthesis routes: solid-state processing, wet-chemical solution processing, and vapor deposition.

Main Results:

  • Detailed processing guidelines, hindrances, and opportunities for oxide-based solid electrolyte synthesis are highlighted.
  • Advantages and disadvantages of different processing methods are compared based on key metrics like precursor chemistry and synthesis conditions.
  • Challenges and solutions for electrode/electrolyte interfaces and cell fabrication in bulk-type and thin-film SSBs are examined.

Conclusions:

  • Significant scientific and technological gaps must be addressed for the large-scale production of oxide-based SSBs for EV applications.
  • Understanding material supply chains and recycling is crucial for sustainable SSB development.
  • Key guidelines and future perspectives are provided for the realization of all-solid-state batteries.