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Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
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Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B Co-Infection, Georgia,

Senad Handanagic1, Shaun Shadaker1, Davit BaliashvilI2

  • 1Division of Viral Hepatitis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
|September 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C and B virus (HCV-HBV) co-infection increases liver disease risk. Younger age, male sex, drug use, and poor HCV treatment outcomes are linked to higher HCV-HBV rates, necessitating better HBV care access.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection poses a significant risk for severe liver disease.
  • In Georgia, HBV screening is free for HCV patients, but treatment access is limited.
  • Understanding co-infection characteristics is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with HCV-HBV co-infection in individuals undergoing HCV treatment.
  • To analyze prevalence and risk factors within a large cohort in Georgia.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 54,994 adult patients treated for HCV between 2017-2023.
  • Categorization into HCV mono-infection, HCV-HBV co-infection (HBsAg positive), and HBV exposed (HBsAg negative, HBcAb positive).
  • Descriptive analysis and calculation of adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Main Results:

  • HCV-HBV co-infection prevalence was 2.6% among treated HCV patients.
  • Factors associated with co-infection included younger age (18-45 years), male sex, history of injecting drug use, elevated ALT levels (>80 IU/L), and lack of HCV cure.
  • Patients with poor treatment outcomes and persistently high ALT levels were more likely to be co-infected.

Conclusions:

  • Younger adults, males, individuals with a history of drug use, and those with suboptimal HCV treatment responses are at higher risk for HCV-HBV co-infection.
  • There is a need for expanded access to hepatitis B care and integrated management strategies for co-infected patients.
  • Improved management can lead to better clinical outcomes for individuals with HCV-HBV co-infection.

Keywords:
Georgiaco‐infectionhepatitis Bhepatitis C

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