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Classification of speech nasality of individuals with cleft lip and palate with distinct ordinal scales.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
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Pharyngeal Bulb Reduction Program in Individuals with Cleft Palate.

Homero Carneiro Aferri1, Olivia Mesquita Vieira de Souza2, Monica Moraes Waldemarin Lopes3

  • 1Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The pharyngeal bulb reduction program (PBRP) effectively reduced velopharyngeal gap size in patients with repaired cleft palate. This speech therapy approach stimulated velopharyngeal movement, improving outcomes for secondary surgery.

Keywords:
cleft palateprostheticsspeech therapyvelopharyngeal disfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is common after cleft palate repair.
  • Hypodynamic velopharynx requires management to improve speech.
  • Pharyngeal bulbs are used to obturate the velopharyngeal gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a pharyngeal bulb reduction program (PBRP).
  • To decrease velopharyngeal gap size in patients with repaired cleft palate.
  • To evaluate PBRP's effect on pharyngeal bulb dimensions and velopharyngeal function.

Main Methods:

  • A two-week PBRP involving sequential pharyngeal bulb reductions.
  • Nasoendoscopy and intensive speech therapy were combined.
  • Measurements of bulb dimensions and prosthesis weight were taken pre- and post-PBRP.

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in bulb length (-32.13%), width (-47.26%), area (-61.41%), and volume (-52.80%).
  • Prosthesis weight decreased by 21.12%.
  • Stimulation of velopharyngeal mechanism movements observed.

Conclusions:

  • PBRP effectively reduces velopharyngeal gap size.
  • Reduced bulb dimensions promote favorable conditions for secondary VPI surgery.
  • PBRP stimulates velopharyngeal movements through bulb reduction and speech therapy.