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Online Interventions Addressing Health Misinformation: Scoping Review.

Hiya Grover1, Radwa Nour2, Nabil Zary2

  • 1School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.

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|September 4, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Online interventions effectively combat health misinformation using educational courses and counter-speech. Gaps exist in tailoring strategies to misinformation characteristics and understanding susceptibility factors, especially in vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
disinformationeducational interventionhealthhealth caremisinformation

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Communication
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Health misinformation poses significant public health risks by influencing behavior and decision-making.
  • Online platforms and social media amplify health misinformation, increasing the need for effective interventions.
  • Theoretical frameworks are crucial for developing interventions that address both misinformation features and user susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review online interventions designed to mitigate the adverse public health impacts of health misinformation.
  • To explore intervention types, target demographics, and the characteristics of misinformation and human susceptibility addressed.
  • To identify theoretical underpinnings and existing gaps in the literature on health misinformation interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic scoping review adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searched five databases (2018-2024) using MeSH and keywords.
  • Included 30 studies after screening for data extraction on interventions, targets, and theoretical frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Most interventions (63%) focused on COVID-19 misinformation, utilizing educational courses (73%) and counter-speech (23%).
  • Interventions targeted misinformation characteristics (53%) and human susceptibility factors (47%), including cognitive, emotional, and social dynamics.
  • Theoretical underpinnings guided 77% of interventions, covering areas like inoculation, education, motivation, and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Online health misinformation interventions often employ similar strategies like educational courses and counter-speech.
  • Gaps exist in tailoring interventions to specific misinformation tactics and understanding susceptibility, particularly in vulnerable groups.
  • Enhanced reporting and stronger links between theory and intervention design are needed, alongside interdisciplinary collaboration.