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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Published on: October 4, 2019

Circulating MicroRNA Expression in Glioblastoma: A Promising Diagnostic Panel.

Vincenzo Macaione¹, Francesca Graziano², Francesca Polito³

¹Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, vmacaione@unime.it.

|September 4, 2025

Summary

This study identifies three blood microRNAs (miRNAs) as promising biomarkers for glioblastoma (GB). This discovery could lead to earlier diagnosis and better prognosis for GB patients through liquid biopsy.

Keywords:

Astrocytoma Biomarkers Glioblastoma Liquid biopsy MicroRNA

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Glioblastoma (GB) is a common and aggressive malignant brain tumor.
Early diagnosis of GB significantly improves patient prognosis.
Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive approach for GB detection and monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify specific blood microRNAs (miRNAs) that are overexpressed in glioblastoma (GB) patients.
To establish a reliable panel of miRNA biomarkers for GB diagnosis and prognosis.
To validate the utility of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for GB.

Main Methods:

Blood samples were collected from 30 glioblastoma (GB) patients (pre- and post-surgery) and 30 healthy controls.
Expression levels of 14 different microRNAs (miRNAs) were analyzed in all subjects.
Statistical analysis was employed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and select a diagnostic panel.

Main Results:

A panel of three specific miRNAs (miR-340-5p, miR-369-3p, and miR-486-5p) was identified.
These selected miRNAs demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for glioblastoma (GB).
The miRNA panel also showed high prognostic accuracy in GB patients.

Conclusions:

The identified panel of three miRNAs serves as a sensitive and specific biomarker for glioblastoma (GB).
Circulating miRNAs in blood show significant potential for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of GB.
This finding supports the advancement of liquid biopsy techniques for brain tumor management.