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Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

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Published on: January 20, 2017

Fe-N₄@Graphene Single-Atom Catalyst-Based Nanozyme against Influenza A Virus.

Chan Woo Lee^1,2, Chi Hyun Kim³, Sujin Cha^1,2

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|September 4, 2025

Summary

A novel nanozyme, Fe-N-rGO, effectively deactivates 99.99% of influenza A virus by disrupting viral proteins. This advanced antiviral material can be applied to various surfaces for broad protection.

Keywords:

Fe–N4 antiviral coating influenza virus A nanozyme single-atom catalyst

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Published on: June 14, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Virology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for advanced antiviral materials.
Integrating antipathogenic properties into everyday items is crucial for public health.
Single-atom catalysts offer high efficiency and atomic utilization for novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a general-purpose antiviral material for combating viral threats.
To investigate the efficacy of a reduced graphene oxide-supported Fe-N4 single-atom catalyst (Fe-N-rGO) as a nanozyme.
To understand the antiviral mechanism of the Fe-N-rGO nanozyme.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported Fe-N4 single-atom catalyst (Fe-N-rGO).
Evaluation of viral deactivation efficacy against influenza A virus.
Analysis of the antiviral mechanism, including protein adsorption and potential reactive oxygen species generation.
Assessment of the material's applicability onto various substrates.

Main Results:

Fe-N-rGO achieved 99.99% viral deactivation against influenza A virus.
The nanozyme outperformed bulk and nanoscale antiviral materials.
Antiviral activity is linked to hemagglutinin adsorption and protein denaturation.
Fe-N-rGO demonstrates uniform coating and sustained antiviral performance on diverse surfaces.

Conclusions:

Fe-N-rGO is a highly effective single-atom catalyst nanozyme for viral deactivation.
The material shows promise for integration into personal protective equipment and everyday objects.
This research offers a new strategy for developing advanced antiviral solutions.