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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Cholesterol-Functionalized Porous PLA Microparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery.

Ahammed Hm Mohammed-Sadhakathullah1,2, Leonor Resina1,2, Hamidreza Enshaei1,2

  • 1Innovation in Materials and Molecular Engineering - Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies (IMEM-BRT) Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Building I, second floor, Barcelona 08019, Spain.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel porous poly(lactic acid) drug delivery system using PEG-Chol. This advanced platform enhances anticancer drug encapsulation and release for improved breast cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Tamoxifenbreast cancer therapycurcuminpoly(ethylene glycol)−cholesterolpoly(lactic acid) microparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Conventional poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles face limitations in drug encapsulation and release kinetics.
  • Poor aqueous solubility and systemic side effects hinder the clinical application of lipophilic anticancer drugs like curcumin and tamoxifen.
  • Developing advanced drug delivery systems is crucial for improving therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes in cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel drug delivery platform using porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microparticles functionalized with amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-cholesterol (PEG-Chol).
  • To enhance the encapsulation efficiency and achieve sustained release of lipophilic anticancer agents.
  • To improve cellular interaction and uptake for targeted breast cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of highly porous PLA microparticles functionalized with PEG-Chol.
  • Encapsulation of lipophilic anticancer agents, curcumin (Cur) and tamoxifen (Tmx).
  • In vitro evaluation using MCF-7 breast cancer cells, assessing cellular uptake and cytotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • The developed hybrid system demonstrated improved drug encapsulation and sustained release compared to conventional nanoparticles.
  • PEG-Chol functionalization enhanced aqueous dispersibility, prolonged circulation, and promoted cellular interaction and endocytosis.
  • In vitro studies confirmed successful cellular uptake and significant reduction in MCF-7 breast cancer cell viability.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid-functionalized porous PLA particles represent a promising and versatile platform for advanced drug delivery.
  • This system effectively addresses limitations of conventional nanoparticles for delivering lipophilic anticancer drugs.
  • The validated platform shows significant therapeutic potential for breast cancer treatment.