Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
Published on: June 11, 2012
Effects of a nurse-led diabetes self-management programme for people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection
Wei Liang1, Ka Ming Chow2, Xiaoying Ni3
1School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Background:
Many people with type 2 diabetes eventually require and benefit from insulin injection therapy, but only a minority of people receiving such therapy meet their glycaemic targets. Thus, effective diabetes self-management programmes are needed to support this cohort.
Objective:
To examine the effects of a nurse-led diabetes self-management programme on self-efficacy, self-management behaviours, glycaemic control, and diabetes-related distress of Chinese people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection therapy, and to collect their experiences and perceived benefits of and feedback on the programme.
Design:
A prospective, two-arm, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial with repeated measures and qualitative process evaluation.
Setting:
Participants were recruited from a public community health service centre.
Participants:
One hundred and two participants (mean age: 64.03 years, standard deviation = 9.77 years) were recruited and then randomly assigned to the intervention group or the attention control group.
Methods:
The intervention group (n = 51) received a 6-week nurse-led diabetes self-management programme. This intervention was underpinned by Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and consisted of one individual interview session, three group-based education sessions, and two telephone-based maintenance sessions. The attention control group (n = 51) received parallel 6-week attention control contact. Outcome variables were measured at baseline (T0), upon completion of the intervention (T1), and at 3 months post-intervention (T2).
Results:
At T0, there were no significant between-group differences in characteristics, except for education level, and no significant between-group differences in any outcome variables. At T1, compared with the attention control group, the intervention group exhibited significantly enhanced self-efficacy (β = 17.341, p< 0.001), improved self-management behaviours (β = 0.696, p< 0.001), and reduced diabetes-related distress (β = -0.160, p = 0.015). However, at T2, compared with the attention control group, the intervention group did not demonstrate significant improvement in any outcome variables (all p> 0.05). No adverse effects were reported by the participants. Qualitative interviews of 21 participants of the intervention group generated responses that could be categorised under four themes, namely perspectives on receiving the intervention, benefits of the intervention, barriers to behavioural change, and areas for improvement.
Conclusions:
The nurse-led programme was effective in enhancing self-efficacy, improving self-management behaviours, and alleviating diabetes-related distress in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection therapy. Based on the findings of the qualitative evaluation, suggestions are made regarding modifications and large-scale implementation that can be explored in future research.
Trial Registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR); ChiCTR2100046342 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=126516).
Registration Data:
May 14, 2021.
More Related Videos
05:06Author Spotlight: Integrating Tai Chi with Mindfulness Training to Achieve an Effective Mind-Body Exercise
Published on: July 14, 2023
12:59Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
Published on: July 5, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...