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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions
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Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions

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Elevated salinity decreases soil multifunctionality by driving bacterial community structure and network complexity.

Zhiheng Wang1, Shaopan Xia2, Nanthi Bolan3

  • 1Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soil salinization harms soil health by reducing bacterial diversity and network complexity. These bacterial changes, not fungal ones, are key to maintaining soil multifunctionality under salt stress.

Keywords:
Bacterial-fungal interactionsCommunity assemblyEcosystem functionsNetwork stabilitySaline soils

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Soil salinization is a global threat to ecosystems and agriculture.
  • Salinity impacts plant growth, soil nutrients, and microbial communities.
  • The collective effect of salinity on microbial nutrient limitation, network complexity, and soil multifunctionality (SMF) is not well understood, especially in agricultural settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how soil salinity affects microbial community structure and co-occurrence networks.
  • To determine the relationship between salinity-induced microbial shifts and soil multifunctionality (SMF).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which microbial networks mediate the impact of salinity on SMF in agroecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • A salinity gradient mesocosm experiment was established using sweet sorghum in northwest China.
  • Bacterial and fungal diversity, community structure, and co-occurrence network properties were analyzed.
  • Soil multifunctionality (SMF) was assessed by integrating plant performance, soil nutrients, and enzyme activities.
  • Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) was used to analyze direct and indirect effects.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial diversity and richness significantly decreased with increasing salinity.
  • Fungal diversity remained stable, but both bacterial and fungal communities showed altered co-occurrence patterns.
  • Soil multifunctionality (SMF) declined along the salinity gradient.
  • Salinity primarily reduced SMF through its negative impacts on bacterial network complexity and community structure.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial communities and their network interactions are crucial for maintaining soil multifunctionality under salinization.
  • Salinity-induced alterations in bacterial networks significantly mediate the decline in SMF.
  • These findings offer mechanistic insights for managing saline soils and improving agricultural sustainability.