Biodegradable packaging film from watermelon rind pectin and pineapple peel nanocellulose: Preparation,...

This study developed pectin nanocellulose (PNC) composite films using pectin extracted from watermelon rind and nanocellulose (NC) derived from pineapple peel. Films were prepared by incorporating varying NC concentrations (2 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 10 %) into the pectin matrix and characterized for optical, barrier, mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties, as well as their effectiveness in extending the shelf life of fresh-cut cauliflower. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed NC integration into the pectin matrix. The P + 5 % NC film exhibited the highest tensile strength (22.88 ± 2.06 MPa), while the P + 10 % NC film demonstrated superior UV-blocking, moderate thermal stability, and improved water resistance, with the lowest moisture absorption and water vapor permeability. Despite lower antioxidant activity, the P + 10 % NC film significantly reduced weight loss in fresh-cut cauliflower from 64.82 % to 46.07 % over 7 days at room temperature compared to pure pectin film. All films exhibited high biodegradability, decomposing completely in soil within 24 days. Incorporating 10 % pineapple peel NC into the watermelon rind pectin matrix could be a sustainable alternative to conventional food packaging.