Headaches in dental practice: A narrative review of primary, secondary, and facial presentations

In this narrative review, the authors aimed to provide a focused overview, grounded in scientific literature, of the most common primary and secondary headaches frequently observed in patients with orofacial pain as well as orofacial conditions that may mimic primary headache disorders. In addition, they highlighted the clinically significant overlap between headaches and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Information was sourced from the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition, for headache diagnoses and from the International Classification of Orofacial Pain for orofacial pain diagnoses. Management guidelines were from the European Academy of Neurology. Data on the overlap between headache disorders and TMDs were drawn from a systematic review and observational studies.

The authors provided a concise, practical, clinical guide for identifying and managing primary and secondary headaches commonly encountered in dental practice, which is grounded in established guidelines and robust scientific evidence. The authors emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary management and a thorough diagnostic approach to enhance treatment outcomes for patients with concurrent headaches and TMD, highlighting the frequent overlap of these disorders.

For dental care clinicians and other health care practitioners, recognizing the intersection of orofacial pain, headaches, and TMD is crucial. This understanding promotes better diagnosis, encourages interdisciplinary collaboration, and is the best approach to improved patient care and treatment outcomes.