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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Childhood Obesity Raises GDM Risk Through Adult Obesity: Evidence From Lifecourse Mendelian Randomization Study.

Yuying Zhang1, Zikai Lin2, Xuyu He3

  • 1Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

American Journal of Hypertension
|September 5, 2025
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Summary

Childhood obesity raises gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk mainly by persisting into adulthood. Adult obesity

Keywords:
adulthood body sizeblood pressurechildhood obesitygestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)hypertensioninflammationlifecourse Mendelian randomization

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Epidemiology
  • Metabolic Health Research
  • Reproductive Health Studies

Background:

  • The link between childhood/adulthood obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk requires clarification.
  • Investigating the independent and combined effects of body size across life stages on GDM is crucial.
  • Understanding the mediating role of inflammation in obesity-related GDM risk is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the causal effect of childhood and adulthood body size on GDM risk.
  • To elucidate the independent contributions of childhood versus adulthood obesity to GDM.
  • To explore the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a mediator in this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank genome-wide association study data for genetic instruments.
  • Employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses (univariable and multivariable) to assess causality.
  • Integrated GDM risk variants from the FinnGen study.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted childhood and adulthood body size both causally influence GDM risk.
  • The effect of childhood body size on GDM was not significant when accounting for adulthood body size.
  • Adulthood body size remained a significant predictor of GDM risk, with CRP partially mediating this effect.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood obesity contributes to GDM risk primarily through its persistence into adulthood.
  • Inflammation, indicated by CRP, partially mediates the association between adult obesity and GDM.
  • Interventions targeting early obesity prevention and inflammation control are vital for mitigating GDM risk.