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Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2025 update
Neerja Bhatla1, Daisuke Aoki2,3, Daya Nand Sharma4
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Global cervical cancer elimination efforts advance with widespread HPV vaccination and innovative screening methods like HPV testing and AI. Treatment innovations include fertility-sparing surgery and immunotherapy for advanced stages, improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- The World Health Organization aims to eliminate cervical cancer.
- Progress relies on vaccination, screening, and treatment strategies.
- The 2021 FIGO Cancer Report highlighted existing advancements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To update on global progress towards cervical cancer elimination.
- To detail advancements in vaccination, screening, and treatment modalities.
- To discuss stage-based management, palliation, and quality of life.
Main Methods:
- Review of global HPV vaccination program data.
- Analysis of advancements in cervical cancer screening technologies (HPV testing, AI).
- Evaluation of emerging diagnostic and surgical techniques (immunohistochemistry, conservative surgery, minimally invasive surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy).
- Assessment of novel treatment options like immunotherapy.
Main Results:
- Over 140 countries now offer HPV vaccination.
- One-dose and two-dose vaccination schedules are widely implemented.
- HPV testing, self-sampling, and AI enhance screening.
- Conservative and minimally invasive surgical options improve outcomes and fertility preservation.
- Immunotherapy offers new avenues for recurrent and metastatic disease.
Conclusions:
- Significant global progress in cervical cancer prevention and treatment is evident.
- Technological and therapeutic innovations are transforming patient care.
- A multi-faceted approach integrating vaccination, advanced screening, and tailored treatments is crucial for elimination goals.
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