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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

67.0K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
67.0K
Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
946

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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A comprehensive review on PTSA-based deep eutectic solvents.

Anna Canela-Xandri1, Oriol Tomàs-Badell1, Mercè Balcells1

  • 1ETSEAFiV, UdL Av. de l'Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191 25198 Lleida Spain anna.canela@udl.cat.

RSC Advances
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer sustainable alternatives to fossil-based solvents. This review highlights p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as a versatile component for creating advanced DESs, promoting green chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Industrial processes face challenges in replacing fossil-based solvents with sustainable alternatives.
  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as promising green solvents due to their tunable properties, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability.
  • p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is a strong, stable organic acid suitable as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in DES formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diverse applications of PTSA in DESs.
  • To highlight the untapped potential of PTSA in sustainable solvent development.
  • To provide insights into selecting hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) for PTSA-based DESs based on specific applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PTSA's properties and applications in DESs.
  • Analysis of HBA selection trends in relation to specific applications and starting materials.
  • Discussion of PTSA's role in advancing green chemistry principles.

Main Results:

  • PTSA is a versatile HBD for DESs, offering strong acidity and proton availability.
  • PTSA-based DESs demonstrate potential in various industrial applications, serving dual roles as solvents and catalysts.
  • Specific HBA selection strategies can be developed based on desired DES properties and intended use.

Conclusions:

  • PTSA is a valuable component for developing innovative and sustainable DESs.
  • The use of PTSA in DESs contributes to reducing industrial waste and enhancing process sustainability.
  • Further research into PTSA-based DESs can accelerate the transition towards greener industrial practices.