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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Isolation of Primary Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts from a Syngeneic Murine Model of Breast Cancer for the Study of Targeted Nanoparticles
Published on: May 14, 2021
The malignant dialogue between cancer-associated fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells: microenvironment-mediated drug
Xiufeng Wang1, Cong Luo1, Danying Zhang2
1Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing, China.
Abstract:
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are pivotal in shaping the immunosuppressive and chemoresistant tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma (OS). This review explores how CAFs drive OS progression through paracrine signaling (e.g., TGF-β, IL-6), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, exosome-mediated crosstalk, and metabolic reprogramming. We highlight CAF heterogeneity (e.g., myCAFs, iCAFs) and their roles in therapy resistance, emphasizing emerging strategies such as FAP inhibitors, TGF-β blockers, and CXCR4 antagonists. Combining these approaches with immunotherapy or chemotherapy offers promise for overcoming chemoresistance. Challenges like CAF plasticity and biomarker development are discussed, alongside future directions for precision targeting in OS.
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