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Dual regulation of gastrointestinal tumor progression by the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and prospects for targeted therapy

Yuhao Liu1, Yuxin Huang1, Qiaoying He1

  • 1School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|September 5, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The Interferon-gamma/STAT1 pathway influences gastrointestinal tumor growth, acting as a double-edged sword. Understanding its dual role in promoting or inhibiting tumor progression is key for developing targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal malignant tumors represent a major global health challenge with high incidence and mortality.
  • The tumor microenvironment, including secreted factors, significantly impacts gastrointestinal tumor progression.
  • Targeted therapy is a growing focus, but the mechanisms, particularly involving Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions and mechanisms of the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway in gastrointestinal tumor progression.
  • To identify key factors within the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway that either promote or inhibit tumor growth.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway for gastrointestinal malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway in gastrointestinal cancers.
  • Analysis of signaling cascades involving JAK1/2 and STAT1 activation by IFN-γ.
  • Synthesis of evidence on downstream factors modulated by the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway.

Main Results:

  • The IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway exhibits a dual role, capable of both promoting and inhibiting gastrointestinal tumor progression.
  • Specific downstream factors activated by this pathway determine its pro- or anti-tumorigenic effects.
  • The pathway's complexity highlights the need for precise therapeutic targeting.

Conclusions:

  • The IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway is a critical modulator of gastrointestinal tumor progression with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Targeting specific components or downstream effectors of this pathway may offer novel treatment strategies for gastrointestinal cancers.
  • Further research is warranted to fully exploit the therapeutic prospects of the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway.
Keywords:
gastrointestinal tumorsimmunityinflammationprecisely targeted therapythe IFN-γ/STAT1 pathwaytumor cell deathtumor cell proliferation and metastasis

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