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Are biological rhythms disturbed in depression?

D von Zerssen, G Dirlich, P Doerr

    Acta Psychiatrica Belgica
    |September 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found no altered circadian rhythms in depression patients. However, cortisol rhythm amplitude increased, potentially linked to depression severity and hypothalamic clock mechanisms.

    Area of Science:

    • Chronobiology
    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Circadian rhythm disturbances are implicated in endogenous depression.
    • Previous research suggests phase-advances and free-running rhythms in depressed individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate circadian rhythm characteristics in patients with endogenous depression.
    • To compare circadian rhythms between depressed states, recovered states, and healthy controls.

    Main Methods:

    • Large-scale investigation of circadian rhythms, including depression scales, body temperature, and cortisol levels.
    • Comparison of rhythm parameters (amplitude, acrophase) across different patient states and controls.

    Main Results:

    • No free-running rhythms or phase-advances were observed in depressed patients compared to controls or their recovered state.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • A reduction in the amplitude of depression scales and body temperature rhythms was noted.
  • An increased amplitude of the cortisol rhythm, particularly at its circadian maximum, was found, correlating with diurnal depression severity.
  • Coincidence of acrophases for depression scores and cortisol rhythm during depression suggests a shared circadian modulation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Circadian rhythms themselves do not appear fundamentally altered in endogenous depression.
    • Cortisol rhythm amplitude increase, potentially due to stress-induced masking, is linked to depression severity.
    • A hypothalamic clock-like mechanism may modulate both the depressive illness process and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity.