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PROTACs Targeting Molecular Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Gyas Khan1, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Md Sadique Hussain3
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is defined as a type of breast cancer having the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors. So far, chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapy have several issues, such as being resistant to treatment, being harmful to the body, and not being fully effective. Lately, PROTACs have been discovered to assist in the breakdown of difficult-to-target oncoproteins employing the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review focuses on PROTACs used in TNBC, identifying BET proteins, SRC-1, PARP1, FAK, c-Myc, and CDKs as the primary molecular targets of PROTACs in this type of cancer. PROTACs can help overcome drug resistance, degrade harmful proteins over a prolonged period, and enhance the performance of these new therapies in clinical research. BETd-246, ND1-YL2, and pal-pom PROTACs have shown promise in reducing cancer progression and spread in TNBC. Additionally, the use of PROTACs to target EZH2, AR, and TRIM24 demonstrates that this approach offers great flexibility. While these findings are promising, it remains challenging to achieve better pharmacokinetics, maintain product stability, increase bioavailability, enhance selectivity, and prevent potential toxicity. New developments in PROTAC design and clinical results suggest that the strategy could lead to improved treatments for TNBC patients, helping them live longer and better.
Insights
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) offer a novel therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by degrading key oncoproteins. This approach shows promise in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Drug Discovery
Background:
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targeted therapies, relying on conventional treatments with limitations like resistance and toxicity.
- Current treatments for TNBC, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, face significant challenges in efficacy and patient safety.
- Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a new therapeutic modality for degrading disease-causing proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of PROTACs in treating triple-negative breast cancer.
- To identify key molecular targets for PROTACs in TNBC, including BET proteins, SRC-1, PARP1, FAK, c-Myc, and CDKs.
- To evaluate the potential of PROTACs to overcome drug resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy in TNBC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on PROTAC technology and its application in TNBC research.
- Identification of specific PROTAC molecules and their targeted proteins in preclinical TNBC models.
- Analysis of studies investigating PROTACs' effects on cancer progression, drug resistance, and protein degradation.
Main Results:
- PROTACs target critical oncoproteins in TNBC, such as BET proteins, SRC-1, PARP1, FAK, c-Myc, and CDKs.
- Specific PROTACs like BETd-246, ND1-YL2, and pal-pom PROTACs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing TNBC progression and metastasis.
- PROTACs targeting EZH2, AR, and TRIM24 highlight the versatility of this therapeutic strategy in TNBC.
Conclusions:
- PROTACs show significant promise for developing more effective and targeted treatments for triple-negative breast cancer.
- Challenges remain in optimizing PROTAC pharmacokinetics, stability, bioavailability, selectivity, and minimizing toxicity.
- Advancements in PROTAC design and ongoing clinical research suggest a potential for improved survival and quality of life for TNBC patients.
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