Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (Review).

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Hyperbaric Medicine
• Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

• Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an urgent otolaryngologic condition requiring prompt management.
• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a non-pharmacological treatment explored for SSNHL.
• HBOT's proposed mechanisms include enhanced inner ear oxygenation, improved microcirculation, and reduced inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biological mechanisms of HBOT in SSNHL.
• To evaluate the clinical efficacy and controversies surrounding HBOT for SSNHL.
• To summarize recent research and suggest future directions for HBOT in SSNHL treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on HBOT for SSNHL.
• Analysis of biological mechanisms and clinical outcomes.
• Synthesis of current evidence and identification of research gaps.

Main Results:

• HBOT increases inner ear oxygenation and improves circulation, potentially aiding SSNHL recovery.
• Combination therapy with glucocorticoids and early HBOT intervention shows improved outcomes.
• Inconsistent clinical results exist due to a lack of standardized HBOT protocols.

Conclusions:

• HBOT is a potential adjunctive therapy for SSNHL, particularly when initiated early.
• Standardization of HBOT parameters (pressure, duration, timing) is crucial for consistent efficacy.
• Further research is needed to optimize HBOT protocols and confirm its role in SSNHL management.