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Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Genome-Wide Simplification of the AcMNPV Genome Using Synthetic Biology.

Yijia Guo¹, Hengrui Hu¹, Han Xiao¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.

ACS Synthetic Biology

|September 5, 2025

Summary

Synthetic biology achieved genome simplification in baculoviruses, creating minimized AcMNPV-Syn-mini viruses. This advancement enables high-capacity vectors and deeper insights into baculovirus functional genomics.

Keywords:

baculoviral expression vector baculovirus genome simplification large DNA virus minigenome synthetic genome

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Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

Synthetic Biology
Virology
Genomics

Background:

Baculoviruses are key models for synthetic genome engineering due to their plasticity.
Modified baculoviruses serve as expression vectors, but many genes are dispensable for in vitro budded virus (BV) production.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically reduce the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) genome using a design-build-test-learn framework.
To develop and validate a strategy for rescuing synthetic viruses from linearized genome fragments, accelerating genome reduction evaluation.

Main Methods:

Systematic genome reduction of AcMNPV through iterative deletion of nonessential genes.
Virus rescue via cotransfection of linearized genome fragments into host cells.
Synthesis and characterization of 35 reduced AcMNPV genomes and measurement of rescued virus titers.

Main Results:

Successfully obtained synthetic baculoviruses with reduced genomes capable of producing BVs.
Identified AcMNPV-Syn-mini, a functional minimized genome with approximately 28 kb deleted, encompassing 39 nonessential genes.
Demonstrated an accelerated iterative evaluation of genomic deletions through the cotransfection rescue strategy.

Conclusions:

The study provides a foundation for developing high-capacity baculoviral vectors.
Contributes to a deeper understanding of baculovirus functional genomics and genome organization.
Highlights the potential of large-scale genome simplification in synthetic biology applications.